Evaluating the sustainability of soil improvement techniques in foundation substructures

The soil is not always suitable or competent to support a direct shallow foundation in construction. In many cases, avoid costly deep foundations, it indicated replace, improve, reinforce such soil. This paper focuses on evaluating the contribution sustainability between different improvement techniques and outcome of their application single-family house as an alternative one built. life-cycle performance compared baseline design (without intervention), backfilling compaction, soil-cement columns, rigid inclusion micropiles, nailing precast joists. To characterize sustainability, set 37 indicators proposed that integrate economic environmental aspects each its social impacts. A ranking obtained for alternatives based ELECTRE IS method multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). sensitivity results evaluated against MCDM methods (TOPSIS, COPRAS) criteria weights. evaluation provides cross-cutting view, comparing ability reliability technique prioritize ground consolidation solution best contributes building's substructure.